Summary: Kant explores the foundations of human knowledge, distinguishing between phenomena and noumena, and establishing the limits of metaphysics.
Time Period: 1781
Summary: Heidegger delves into the question of Being, examining human existence (Dasein) and its relationship to time and mortality.
Time Period: 1927
Summary: In this foundational work of Western philosophy, Plato discusses justice, the ideal state, and the philosopher-king concept through dialogues led by Socrates.
Time Period: ~380 BCE
Summary: Aristotle examines the nature of the good life, virtue, and moral character, proposing that ethical behavior leads to happiness.
Time Period: ~340 BCE
Summary: Nietzsche presents his philosophy through the fictional narrative of Zarathustra, exploring concepts like the Übermensch and the death of God.
Time Period: 1883-1885
Summary: Hegel explores the development of consciousness from sense perception to absolute knowledge, emphasizing the dialectical process.
Time Period: 1807
Summary: Sartre examines existentialist themes, discussing freedom, consciousness, and the nature of human existence.
Time Period: 1943
Summary: Kuhn introduces the concept of paradigm shifts in scientific progress, challenging the traditional view of scientific advancement.
Time Period: 1962
Summary: Baudrillard explores the relationships between reality, symbols, and society, arguing that modern culture has replaced all reality and meaning with symbols and signs.
Time Period: 1981